106+ terms operators actually use.
Strategy, sales, marketing, finance, CRO, AI, and operations — defined the way modern operators use them. No textbook fluff, no marketing speak.
Strategy
Strategic frameworks, planning, and corporate development.
OKR
Objectives and Key ResultsA goal-setting framework pairing one Objective with 3–5 measurable Key Results.
KPI
Key Performance IndicatorA quantitative metric tied to a strategic objective.
North Star Metric
The single metric that best captures the core value the business delivers.
BHAG
Big Hairy Audacious GoalA 10–25 year strategic ambition that organizes long-term decisions.
TAM / SAM / SOM
Three nested market-sizing concepts used to model opportunity.
ICP
Ideal Customer ProfileA quantitative definition of the customer who buys easily, pays well, and stays.
Persona
A composite profile of a typical buyer or user within an ICP.
JTBD
Jobs To Be DoneA framework that defines product opportunity by the "job" customers hire a solution to do.
Positioning
The deliberate choice of what category you compete in and how you're different.
Competitive Positioning
The structural advantage you press to win against specific competitors.
Differentiation
The dimensions on which you're materially better, different, or cheaper.
Moat
A structural advantage that protects margins and market share over time.
Mission
Why the company exists — the impact it intends to create.
Vision
A picture of the future the company is building toward.
Value Proposition
A one-line statement of the value you deliver to a specific customer.
Aha Moment
The first interaction where a user experiences the core value of a product.
Product-Market Fit
PMFThe point at which a product is satisfying strong market demand.
Segment
A grouping of customers who share important characteristics.
Sales
Pipeline, methodology, and revenue motion terms.
Pipeline
The aggregated value of open sales opportunities across all stages.
Sales Velocity
Revenue generated per day from the sales motion.
Win Rate
The percentage of qualified opportunities that close as won deals.
MQL
Marketing Qualified LeadA lead that meets marketing's qualification threshold to be passed to sales.
SQL
Sales Qualified LeadA lead sales has accepted and committed to working.
BANT
A classic sales qualification framework from IBM.
MEDDIC
A complex-deal qualification framework: Metrics, Economic Buyer, Decision Criteria, Decision Process, Identify Pain, Champion.
Champion
An internal advocate inside the buying organization who actively pushes the deal forward.
Sales Cycle
The average time from opportunity created to deal closed.
Pipeline Coverage
The ratio of pipeline value to revenue target.
Forecasting
The discipline of predicting revenue from pipeline math.
AOV
Average Order ValueThe average revenue per transaction.
ARPU
Average Revenue Per UserThe average revenue per user, account, or customer per period.
Marketing
Demand generation, channels, and brand terms.
CAC
Customer Acquisition CostThe cost to acquire one new customer.
CPA
Cost Per AcquisitionThe cost to acquire one customer from a specific channel or campaign.
CPL
Cost Per LeadThe cost to generate one lead from a channel or campaign.
ROAS
Return on Ad SpendRevenue generated per dollar of ad spend.
CTR
Click-Through RateThe percentage of impressions that result in a click.
CPC
Cost Per ClickThe cost to drive one click from paid media.
CPM
The cost per thousand impressions of an ad.
MRR
Monthly Recurring RevenueThe predictable recurring revenue normalized to a monthly basis.
ARR
Annual Recurring RevenueMRR × 12 — the annualized recurring revenue run rate.
SEO
Search Engine OptimizationThe practice of earning organic rankings in search engines.
AEO
Answer Engine OptimizationOptimization for AI answer engines that synthesize responses from web content.
GEO
Generative Engine OptimizationOptimization for generative search engines (overlaps AEO).
SERP
Search Engine Results PageThe page returned by a search engine for a query.
Conversion Rate
The percentage of visitors who complete a desired action.
CDP
Customer Data PlatformA unified customer data store that powers cross-channel personalization.
Marketing Automation
The systems and workflows that automate marketing execution.
Attribution
The model assigning credit to marketing touchpoints in a customer journey.
Lead Scoring
The system that ranks leads by likelihood to convert.
Finance
Unit economics, SaaS metrics, and capital terms.
LTV
Customer Lifetime ValueThe total gross profit a customer generates over their lifespan.
LTV:CAC Ratio
The ratio of customer lifetime value to acquisition cost.
CAC Payback Period
The months required to recover acquisition cost from gross margin.
Burn Rate
The rate at which a company is consuming cash.
Runway
The months of cash available before a business runs out.
EBITDA
A proxy for operating cash flow used to value mature businesses.
Gross Margin
Revenue minus COGS, expressed as a percentage of revenue.
COGS
Cost of Goods SoldThe direct cost of producing the goods or services sold.
Cash Flow
The net movement of cash into and out of the business.
NDR / NRR
Year-over-year recurring revenue retention from existing customers, including expansion.
Churn Rate
The percentage of customers (or revenue) lost over a period.
Cohort Retention
Customer retention analyzed by acquisition cohort over time.
IRR
Internal Rate of ReturnThe discount rate that makes the NPV of all cash flows zero.
NPV
Net Present ValueThe present value of expected future cash flows minus the initial investment.
ROI
Return on InvestmentThe percentage return on an invested dollar.
CapEx vs OpEx
Capital expenditure (one-time, depreciated) vs operating expenditure (ongoing).
CRO
Conversion rate optimization and experimentation terms.
CRO
Conversion Rate OptimizationThe systematic practice of improving the rate at which visitors complete desired actions.
A/B Test
A controlled experiment comparing two variants of a single change.
MVT
Multivariate TestA test comparing combinations of multiple variables simultaneously.
Sample Size
The number of visitors required per variant to detect a meaningful effect at the chosen confidence level.
Statistical Significance
The confidence that an observed test result is not due to random chance.
P-Value
The probability of observing the test result if there is no true effect.
Statistical Power
The probability a test correctly detects a true effect.
MDE
Minimum Detectable EffectThe smallest lift a test is designed to detect with statistical confidence.
Funnel
The sequence of steps a user takes from first touch to conversion.
Bounce Rate
The percentage of single-page sessions where a user leaves without interaction.
Dwell Time
How long a user spends on a page before returning to search results.
Heatmap
A visualization showing where users click, scroll, and engage on a page.
Session Recording
A video-like replay of an individual user's interaction with a page.
Message Match
The consistency between an ad / link and the landing page it leads to.
Landing Page
A standalone page designed to convert a specific visitor to a specific action.
AI & Tech
AI, machine learning, and technology terms operators encounter.
LLM
Large Language ModelA neural network trained on massive text data to generate human-like language.
RAG
Retrieval-Augmented GenerationA pattern that grounds an LLM in retrieved documents instead of relying only on training data.
AI Agent
An LLM-based system that can plan, use tools, and complete multi-step tasks.
Embeddings
Vector representations of text, images, or other data that capture semantic meaning.
Vector Store
A database optimized for storing and querying high-dimensional vector embeddings.
Context Window
The maximum amount of text an LLM can process in a single request.
Token
The unit of text an LLM processes — typically 0.75 of a word in English.
Fine-tuning
Continued training of an LLM on a specific dataset to specialize behavior.
Tool Use
The ability of an LLM to call external functions or APIs.
MCP
Model Context ProtocolAn open standard for connecting LLMs to external tools and data sources.
Evals
Systematic evaluations of LLM-based system quality.
Hallucination
When an LLM generates plausible but false information.
Prompt Engineering
The practice of designing prompts that elicit reliable LLM behavior.
Operations
Operating model, process, and team terms.
NPS
Net Promoter ScoreA customer loyalty metric based on willingness to recommend.
CSAT
Customer Satisfaction ScoreA short-term satisfaction metric, typically tied to a specific interaction.
CES
Customer Effort ScoreA measure of how easy a customer interaction was.
SLA
Service Level AgreementA formal commitment to service performance — typically uptime, response time, or resolution time.
SLO
Service Level ObjectiveThe internal performance target a team commits to, typically tighter than the customer SLA.
Error Budget
The allowable amount of unreliability before SLO is breached.
MTTD / MTTR
Mean Time to Detect / ResolveThe average time to detect an incident, and to resolve it.
Incident
An unplanned service disruption or quality degradation.
Postmortem
A blameless retrospective after an incident or significant event.
Capacity Planning
The forecasting of resource needs to meet demand.
Utilization
The percentage of available capacity being used.
Cycle Time
The time required to complete one unit of work.
Lead Time
The time between request and delivery.
Pair the glossary with the tools.
Every term that has a corresponding calculator is linked. Read the definition, then run the math on your business.
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